历史传承国内仅存的五处铜殿,如今依然辉煌夺目
1.武当山金殿:俗称金顶,坐落湖北十堰市闻名的道教圣地——武当山天柱峰顶的太和宫里。始建于1416年的明朝,高5.5米,宽5.8米,重檐仿木结构,虽经数百多年的风雨雷电侵袭,至今然仍金碧绚丽。在1612米的巅峰绝顶上缔造规模宏大的道宫,更多地体现出的是一种前无古人的气势和征服者成功的昭示。太和宫是武当山的最高佳境,无论是道人信士,仍是香客游人,只要登上高峰,走进太和宫,才是真实意义上的到了武当山。另外在天柱峰前的小莲峰上,还有小铜殿一座,称古铜殿,其缔造时刻更早,建于1307年的元朝,高3米,宽2.8米,悬山式房顶,是我国现存最早的铜铸修建物。
1. Wudang Mountain golden palace: commonly known as Jinding, it is located in the Taihe Palace at the top of Tianzhu peak, the famous Taoist Holy Land in Shiyan City, Hubei Province. The Ming Dynasty, which was founded in 1416, is 5.5m high and 5.8m wide, with double eaves and wood like structure. Although it has been attacked by wind, rain and lightning for hundreds of years, it is still magnificent. To create a large-scale Taoist temple on the summit of 1612 meters more reflects an unprecedented momentum and the successful demonstration of the conqueror. Taihe palace is the highest scenic spot of Wudang Mountain. No matter Taoist believers or pilgrims, as long as you climb the peak and enter the Taihe palace, you will truly arrive at Wudang Mountain. In addition, on the Xiaolian peak in front of Tianzhu peak, there is a small copper hall, called ancient copper hall, which was built earlier. It was built in the Yuan Dynasty in 1307, with a height of 3 meters and a width of 2.8 meters. It is the earliest existing copper building in China.
2.五台山铜殿:坐落山西忻州市有着“释教四大名山”之一的五台山显通寺内,始建于1605年,高8.3米,宽4.7米,深4.5米,用了10万斤的铜铸成。殿内上层四面6扇门,下面四面八扇门,殿内四壁上有小佛万尊,金光闪闪,灼灼照人。殿内四壁铸满了佛像,号称万佛;殿中心供奉着高3尺的铜佛。殿内四壁铸有铜佛1万尊,精美无比。殿内供奉铜铸文殊坐狮像,铸艺高明,表情传神,是明代铜铸佛像之珍品。铜殿雕花镂空、飞翼翘角,光彩夺目。殿前原有同期锻造铜塔五座,按东西南北中方位布置,标志五座台顶,可惜在日本侵华时期,被日本侵略者盗走了三座,仅东西两座原塔尚存。
2. Wutai Mountain Copper Hall: located in Xiantong Temple of Wutai Mountain, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province, which is one of the "four famous mountains of Buddhism", it was built in 1605, 8.3 meters high, 4.7 meters wide and 4.5 meters deep, and made of 100000 Jin copper. There are six doors in the upper part of the hall and eight doors in the lower part. There are ten thousand little Buddhas on the four walls of the hall. They are glittering and shining. The four walls of the hall are filled with statues of Buddha, known as ten thousand Buddhas. The center of the hall is dedicated to a 3-foot-high bronze Buddha. There are 10000 bronze Buddhas on the four walls of the hall, which are extremely exquisite. The bronze statue of Manjusri sitting on a lion is enshrined in the hall. It is a treasure of bronze statue of Buddha in Ming Dynasty. The bronze hall is carved with openwork, wings and angles, and is dazzling. In front of the palace, there were five forged copper towers in the same period, which were arranged according to the East, West, North and south directions, and marked the top of the five towers. Unfortunately, during the Japanese invasion of China, three were stolen by the Japanese invaders, and only two original towers in the East and West survived.
3.岱庙金阙:山东泰安市泰山岱庙的后院,始建于1615年,为一仿木结构铜亭,称为“金阙”,是我国寥寥无几的珍贵铜铸大型修建之一。高5.6米,长4.4米,宽3.4米,此亭四壁原装有门窗,并能滚动敞开,可拆卸拼装,具有规划奇妙,技术精深的特点。岱庙金阙是奉祀碧霞元君之所,原在泰山高峰碧霞祠内,1972年移至岱庙内。此亭外型正经淳厚,锻造技术极为精深,可谓我国古代铜铸艺术的精品。
3. Dai Temple, Jin que: the backyard of Dai Temple, Taishan, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, was built in 1615. It is a copper pavilion with wood like structure, known as "Jin Que". It is one of the few large-scale constructions of precious copper casting in China. The pavilion is 5.6 meters high, 4.4 meters long and 3.4 meters wide. The four walls of the pavilion have original doors and windows, and can be rolled open, disassembled and assembled. It has the characteristics of wonderful planning and profound technology. Daimiao Jinque is the place to worship Bixia Yuanjun. It was originally in Bixia temple, the peak of Mount Tai, and moved to daimiao in 1972. The pavilion has a pure and honest appearance and profound forging technology. It can be said to be an excellent bronze casting art in ancient China.
4.鸣凤山铜殿:坐落云南昆明城东8公里处鸣凤山密林中的太和宫里,始建于1602年,是全国最大的铜殿。殿高6.7米,阔6.2米,深6.2米,为重檐飞阁仿木结构方形修建,重250余吨;殿中供真武帝君,两旁侍立金童玉女,摆布为龙蛇二将,神像均为铜铸。金殿的梁柱、斗拱、门窗、瓦顶、供桌、神像、帏幔、匾额、楹联甚至台基摆布待亭以及旗杆、七星旗等,仿木构件全都是用铜铸成。全部修建雕琢细腻,份额匀称,外型漂亮,阅历了数百年的风风雨雨,已存斑驳古朴之态。
4. Mingfeng Mountain Copper Hall: it is located in Taihe palace in the forest of Mingfeng mountain, 8 kilometers east of Kunming City, Yunnan Province. It was built in 1602 and is the largest copper hall in China. The hall is 6.7 meters high, 6.2 meters wide and 6.2 meters deep. It is a square building of double eaves flying pavilion with wood like structure, weighing more than 250 tons. In the hall, there are emperor Zhenwu, two golden maids, two dragon and snake generals, and the statues are made of copper. The beams, columns, arches, doors and windows, tiled roofs, tables, gods, curtains, plaques, couplets and even platform bases of the golden palace are all made of copper. All the buildings are exquisitely carved, with a well proportioned share and beautiful appearance. After hundreds of years of ups and downs, they are mottled and simple.
5.颐和园宝云阁:俗称铜殿或铜亭,坐落北京颐和园万寿山佛香阁景区西侧,始建于1755年,重约207吨,通高7.55米,外形仿照木结构修建的款式,重檐歇山顶;通体呈蟹青冷古铜色,坐落在一个汉白玉雕砌的须弥座上。每到颐和园旅游的国内外游客,只管纵情赏识皇家园林的秀美风光,通常不知道还有这么一座“金殿”修建杰作。宝云阁内原有铜铸佛像,1860年英法联军火焚清漪园,铜亭虽幸免于难,但亭内的摆设却被掳掠一空,铜制门窗也遭到严重损坏。直到1993年才终究由美国工商保险公司董事长格林伯格出资51.5万美元将十扇铜窗采购,无偿赠还颐和园,后经多方尽力,才终究康复了宝云阁的完好。
5. Baoyun Pavilion in the Summer Palace: commonly known as the copper hall or pavilion, it is located on the west side of the Buddhist Pavilion in Wanshou mountain of the summer palace in Beijing. It was built in 1755, weighing about 207 tons, with a height of 7.55 meters. It is built in the style of wood structure, with double eaves resting on the top of the mountain. The whole body is in the color of crab blue and cold ancient copper, and it is located on a xumizuo carved with white and Chinese jade. Every domestic and foreign tourists to the summer palace, just enjoy the beautiful scenery of the Royal Garden, usually do not know that there is such a "golden palace" to build masterpieces. The original bronze Buddha statues in Baoyun Pavilion were burned in Qingyi Garden by the British and French forces in 1860. Although the bronze Pavilion survived, its furnishings were looted and its doors and windows were severely damaged. It wasn't until 1993 that Greenberg, chairman of the American industrial and commercial insurance company, invested US $515000 to purchase ten copper windows and give them back to the summer palace free of charge. After many efforts, baoyunge was finally recovered.