铜器的作伪与鉴定 自宋代以后，铜器作伪现象日益增多，以假乱真，真假莫辨。在鉴定时，除上述鉴定方法外，还应从铸造技艺和锈色上加以区别。这需要对历代作伪方法有较丰富的知识。铜器作伪方法有以下几种:①全器均系伪器;②器真铭文伪;③器真纹饰伪;④器真铭文、纹饰皆伪;⑤铭文真器伪;⑥器身有真有伪;⑦一件器物由两件或 3件真器部分残片拼凑而成;⑧器身真，但附件(盖、提梁等)伪等。这些需要我们从器物类别特征、年代、时代风格等不同方面进行综合分析。铜器铭文的伪作有摹刻、蚀刻、钻刻、增刻、拼凑等不同方法，这也需要通过释读文字、断定字体、分析铭文与器物整体风格是否吻合来加以识别。观察、分析铜器锈色是断定器物真伪的重要内容，真锈颜色自然、坚固;伪锈多系渲染，色浮且滞，锈块粗松，用硬物稍一刻划或用热碱水刷之，即有脱落。 The imitation of the bronze ware and the identification of the bronze ware have been increasing since the song dynasty. In the evaluation, apart from the above method, it should be distinguished from the casting technique and the rust color. This requires a lot of knowledge about the methods of counterfeiting. There are several kinds of pseudo-methods of the bronze ware: the whole system is a sham. The true inscription is false; The device is a fake; The actual inscription and the decoration are false; The name is false; The body has a real fake; A piece of object is made up of two or three pieces of the true piece. The body is true, but the attachment (cover, girder etc.) is false. These require us to synthesize the analysis from different aspects, such as characteristics, ages and times styles. Bronze inscriptions of fake are shaded, etching, drilling time, chisel, piece together different methods, such as, it also requires through the analysis of the text interpretation, concluded that the font, inscriptions and implements it fits the whole style to identify. To observe and analyze the rust of the bronze ware is the important content of determining the authenticity of the object. Pseudo rusted multiline render, color float and delay, rust block coarse loose, use hard object a little bit to stroke or use hot alkali water brush, namely have fall off.